AMENZU N MAYU, D ASS N UMENNUƔ MAČČI D ASS N TMEƔṚA.

Tagrawla tadamsant, tban-d di Legliz deg tasut tis XVIII, tewweḍ-d ɣer Uṛupa n Umalu deg tazwara n tasut tis XIX. Tagrawla tadamsant, ur teqqim ara kan deg Uṛupa maca telḥeq almi d tiɣemmaṛ nniḍen deg umaḍal am Marikan. Almi d talemmast n tasut tis XIX, Tagelda Yeddukklen d tanezmart tadamsant tamenzut deg umaḍal , iman-is teṭṭef taqacuct ulac tamurt i d-yellan deg uswir-is

Deg 1850 d asawen, tinezmar nniḍen ufraten-d am Fṛansa yellan seg zik d tanezmart tameqqṛant , ternad Lalman d Yiwanaken n Marikan Yeddukklen. Ad d-nesmekti deg tallit-nni 80℅ n yihri adriman n umaḍal yellan gar yifassen n tmura-a. D tidet, ixeddim yella, iɣeṛman aṭas i d-yernan, imdanen ttidiren ugar, maca tella tilawt qessiḥen di tmeddurt n uxeddam di tallit-nni.

Ixeddamen, zgan deg yir liḥala: teɣzi n wakud n yixeddim deg wass , asexdem n warrac imecṭuḥen deg lluzinat yerna lexlaṣ d win ur nelhi ara. Zdat n waya , imɣiden kkren-d deg waṭas n yimukan am Fṛansa deg 1830, 1848 d 1871, Legliz d yimussuten n yisundiden imeqqṛanen n yixeddamen n lbabuṛat deg yiseggasen n 1886 d 1887. Tinekriwin-a, wwint-d kra n tɣawsiwin am uṣubbu deg swayeɛ n yixeddim deg wass d usali n yiɣṛad , maca aya drus zdat wayen yettṛaǧu uxeddam.

Azamul n umennuɣ n yixeddamen deg umaḍal yeqqen ɣer umenzu n mayu. Maca ayɣeṛ azemz-a? Deg useggas 1886, anmalu n yimnayen n yixeddim " Knights of Labor", ssawlen-d i yiwen usunded ameqqran ass n umenzu n mayu, d ass i d-ttjeddilen iguta n yixeddim d lekra n tmzduɣt deg Yiwanaken n Marikan Yedduklen di tallit-nni. Deg usunded-a, ixeddamen bɣan ad ssutren ass n yixeddim n 08 swayeɛ.

Ass n umenzu n mayu 1886, azal n 350000 d axeddam i d-yerran i tiɣri-a maca yella-d s ccwal. Ccwal, yella-d d ameqqran di Cikagu(Chicago), iɣallen n tɣellist nɣan 06 n yimesbaniyen. Azekka-nni yella-d yiwen n ugraw n yimesbaniyen, dɣa gren-d yiɣallen n tɣellist iman-sen ad bḍun wid i d-yessusan s agraw-nni. Kra n wakud kan, tetterḍeq lbumba i d-yeglan s lmut n sin n yiɣallen n tɣellist. Iɣallen n tɣellist ur ɛeṭlen ara ɣlin-d ɣef yixeddamen i d-yusan , aṭas i nɣan, i ḥebsen daɣen.

Deg useqqamu agreɣlan n yixedddamen i d-yellan di 21 yulyu 1889, i usfugel n 100 n yiseggasen n tegrawla tafṛansist, wid i d-yusan ɣer temlilit-a, gren-d tiɣṛi i tririt n umenzu n mayu d ass n tnegmiyin timettiyin. Deg wass-a n umenzu n mayu, llant-d tmesbaniyin timeqqranin n yixeddamen deg umaḍal s umata.

Seg tikkelt-nni, amenzu n mayu yuɣal d azamul n umennuɣ n yixeddamen, yal aseggas yessemlalay-iten-id deg yiberdan. Maca ilaq ad neḥṣu belli amennuɣ n yixeddamen mačči kan deg umenzu n mayu, imi llan-d aṭas n yimennuɣen nniḍen mgal tasihrant. Γef waya, amennuɣ n yixeddamen ilaq ad yili d ameɣlal mgal tasihrant yebɣan ad yefk i wass n umenzu mayu udem n tmeɣṛa. Γer uxeddam , amenzu n mayu d ass agreɣlan n umennuɣ mačči d ass n tmeɣṛa. Tameɣṛa n uxeddam asmi ad yidir deg tmetti war tiserkam.

Taggra-d tdawsa tasihrant tuḍen, timura timguranin teṭṭef-itent telwawaḍt, uggadent ɣef tedrimt-nsent d tedrimt n yipatṛunen imeqqṛanen. Nwala deg unfafad-a n Kuṛuna i d-yuɣen lqaɛa amek timura timeqqṛanin uɣalent d timecṭaḥ zdat n twaɣit-a. Aya merra yusa-d s tsertit tasihrant yefkan azal i usefti n tedrimt ɣef tezmert n umdan d tudert-is di liser. Send anfafad-a , aṭas n yimdanen deg umaḍal i d-yeffɣen mgal imḍebbeṛ-nsen. Si Cili ar Fṛansa, iɣeṛfan ugin tameddurt n tsihrant.

Amennuɣ n yimɣiden ilaq ad yaɣ meṛṛa timura, ad iṛez tilisa i d-texdem tsihrant. Tagrawla ad taffeg am ugiḍiḍ yettinigen, ad tres di yal tamdint d uzniq, i yal yiwen d yiwet ad tessiweḍ izen n Maṛks: imɣiden n yakk timura, ddukelt!

Ɛmer BENḤEMMUC (Amar BENHAMOUCHE)

Taflewt (image): Tahir Xaled (Tahir Khaled)

Amawal ( Lexique) :

01) tasut : siècle 02) Tagelda Yedduklen: Le Royaume-Uni 03) Ihri adriman: le capital financier 03-01) Ihri: Le capital 03-02) Adriman: financier 04) Imussuten n yisundiden: les mouvements de grèves 04-01) amussu (imussuyen , yimussuyen): mouvement (s) 04-02) Asunded ( isundiden , yisundiden): grève (s) 05) azemz: date 06) anmalu: syndicat 07) Asqamu agreɣlan n yixdddamen: congrès international des travailleurs. 07-01) Asqamu: Congrès 07-02) Agreɣlan: international 07-03) Ixeddamen: travailleurs 08) Tinegmiyin timettiyin: revendications sociales 08-01) Tanegmit ( tinegmiyin, tnegmiyin): revendication(s) 08-02) timettit( timettiyin, tmettiyin): sociale (s) 09) Ameɣlal: permanent 10) war tiserkam: sans classes sociales 10-01) war: sans 10-02) taserkemt ( tiserkam): classe (s) sociale(s) 11) Timura timguranin: pays industrialisés 11-01) Tamurt (timura): pays 11-02) tamguri: industrie 11-03) amguran( tamgurant, imguranen, timguranin): industriel/industrialisé ( industriel(le)s/ industrialisé(e)s