Awal ɣef usuter n tmaziɣt seg 1926 ɣer 2001

Tazwert :

Ma yella nuɣal-d ɣer tadra n umusu aɣelnaw deg Lezzayer ad tnaf icudd ɣer tsuta tamezwarut i yunagen ɣer Fransa deg useggas n 1912 (sin n yiseggasen uqbel ṭrad agarɣlan amezwaru), gar-asen wid i iruḥen s lebɣi-nsen d wid id-tewwi Fransa s yiɣil.

Maca innig-a izad deg useggas n 1818 d asawen (taggara n ṭrad amezwaru) anda i ttinnigen azal n 70.000 d Azayri i useggas, yerna tugt deg-sen d Leqbayel, sawḍen win-d aṭas n tmussniwin s ɣur wiyaḍ yerna qeddcen d imusnawen yettnaɣen ɣef yizerfan n umdan akk d uxeddam d izerfan n tmura yettwaɛefsen.

Aya d ayen iten-yeğğan ad d-slalen deg useggas n 1924 yiwet n tdukli i wumi qqqaren Itri n Tferka Ugafa ɣef uqerru-s Lḥağ Ɛli Ɛabd Lqader, deg useggas n 1926 d Messali i yeqlen d aqerru ɣef yitri n Tefriqt Ugafa.

Asuter n tmaziɣt deg yitri n Tefriqt Ugafa send Ṭrad agreɣlan wis sin (tasuta tamezwarut) :

Asuter n tmaziɣt deg tallit-a iban-d i itkelt tamezwarut s wudem unsib deg useggas n 1926, ladɣa deg mi d-yeffeɣ “dahir berbere” deg Lmaruk aya d ayen i yeğğan Cakib arslan ad d-yewwet deg yimaziɣen s umata. Maca Leqbayel qublen-t s umennuɣ ladɣa Ɛimac Ɛmer i yettwasnen s umennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt d Si Ğilani (yemlal d Trotski d Lénine) i d-inudan ɣef ugemmay amaziɣ.

Fransa tekkes tadukli-ya, maca deg 1930 iɛawed-d talalit s yisem nniḍen « Glorieuse Etoile Nord Africain », Messali Lḥağ d amray-is, Ɛimac Aɛmer d amray amatu, Belqasem Rağef yeṭṭef taxridt, llan Leqbayel nniḍen am Akli Bennun, Aḥmed Yaḥyawi, Ayt Tudert Muḥend Saɛid, Si Ğilani, Musawi, Xiḍer…atg.

Ɛimac Aɛmer i sutur Lezzayer ad tili d tamagdayt tanmettit, d tajmaɛt ara isuddsen timetti. D wa id udem n timuzɣa id d-ikecmen ɣer ukabar.

Mmi i iwala Messali d akken amḍan n yiqbayliyen simal yettnerna deg Yitri n Tefriqt Ugafa, yefka lamer i d Ɛabd Lqader Filalli akken ad d-islal Akabar Aɣerfan Azzayri “PPA” di 11 Meɣres 1937, yerna ad yekkes akk Leqbayel i yellan deg Yitri n Tefriqt Ugafa.

Asuter n tmaziɣt seld Ṭrad agreɣlan yegla-d s tezɣent n tummast n 1949 (tasuta tis snat):

Deg tallit-a i d-yebban umennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt s wudem unsib anda id-kkren imeɣnasen imaynuten deg tesnawit n Ben Ɛaknun d uɣerbaz n Buzariɛa i iḍefren abrid n tsuta tamezwarut, wiyi akk qeddcen deg ukabar n “PPA” gar-asen: Sadaq Ḥağret, Yeḥya Ḥennin, Lεimec Ɛli, Ḥusin, Racid Ɛli Yaḥya, Mabruk Belḥusin, Bennay Waɛli, Saɛid Ubizar, Aɛmer Ayt Ḥemmuda, Ɛmer Useddiq, Belɛid Ayt Mudri, Muḥand Saɛid Ɛic, Muḥan Uyidir At Uɛemran…atg.

Deg yennayer n 1945 Muḥend u Yidir At Ɛemran isuffeɣ-d asɣret aɣelnaw n Yimaziɣen “kker a mmi-s n umaziɣ”.

Deg Meɣres n 1946 Ɛmar Tellil, Ɛmer At Ccix, Ayt Medri, Salem Lḥağ, Si Muḥend Ameqran Xlifati heggan-d ahil n uselmed n tutlayt n tmaziɣt d usbedded n ugemmay Amaziɣ.

Tafidiralit n tmurt n Leqbayel: yella-d unejmuɛ deg 15 ar 16 Furar 1947 deg Bilkur gar: Ɛimac Ɛli, Ayt Ḥmed akken ad walin amek ara yili ukabar Aɣerfan akken daɣen i sutren deg Messali akken ad d-iheyyi i tegrawla (OS) ɣef yixef-is Belwezdad.

Tazɣent-a n 1949 nezmer ad nerr di tidet ɣer ɣuct 1948 ar yennayer 1950 anda Iqbayliyen suturen tumast, amezruy, idles aya d ayen id-yeglan s tuksa n yimeɣnasen s ufus n Messali Lḥağ.

Deg useggas n 1948 Messali Lḥağ yebɣa ad yerr Lezzayer d taɛrabt (Lmaɣrib Lɛarabi), aya d ayen ur qbilen ara yimeɣnasen leqbayel gar-asen: Bennay Waɛli, Aɛmer Ayt Ḥemmuda sutren deg Racid Ɛli Yaḥya ad d-iheyyi tifranin i ubeddel n ukabar Aɣerfan Azayri deg Fransa.

Lezzayer d Tazayrit

Lezzayer d Taɛrabt timeslemt.

Gar 32 n yimeɣnasen 28 deg-sen fernen Lezzayer d Tazayrit d tayi id tazɣelt n 1949.

Tisggray:

Aya d ayen i yeğğan Messali ad iceyyaɛ Abdlah Fillali d Mestapha Cawqi d Saɛdi Seduq akken isuffeɣ-d imeɣnasen n Leqbayel deg ukabar wa nɣant wa zenzen-t ɣer yiɣalen n laman n Fransa gar-asen Bennay Waɛli.

Asuter n tmaziɣt seld azarug n Lezzayer (tasuta tis Kraḍ):

Deg mi tewwi Lezzayer timunent-is, adabu Azzayri yeṭṭef deg tikti n tɛurebt d uɛfas n Leqbayel id-ibegnen aya d :

Deg 10 ɣuct 1966 : imnigen Iqbayliyen i yellan deg Fransa s lulen-d « agraw Amaziɣ » gar-asen Muḥend Aɛrab Besɛud d Ṭawes Ɛemruc.

Deg useggas n 1968 : deg tesdawit n Ben Ɛaknun tlul-d yiwet tdukla n yinelmaden i iqedcen ɣef yidles Amaziɣ.

Deg useggas n 1969 : adabu yugi i Leqbayel ad ttekkin deg «Panafricain».

Deg useggas n 70 : gten walallen n usuter gar-asen :

Timsirin deg tesdawit: tella tefrit (conscience) isdawnen lemden ɣer Da Lmulud timsirin tutlayt, amezruy, isefra, amezgun, tasekla…atg.

Ccna ɣef tumast : d udem amaynut n umennuɣ gar icennayen-a nezmzer ad d-nebder : Yidir, Ferhat, Mengellat, Maɛtub, Ğamel Ɛellam…atg.

Dabex uḍar « la JSK » : annar ila azal d ameqran deg umennuɣ ɣef tumast d tlelli n umeslay nezmer ad d-nebder timlilit n 19/06/1977 taggara n teqbuct n Lezzayer anda itt-suɣun aba bumedyen , ass-a-a azekka tamaziɣt tella tella.

Amezgun : deg yiseggasen n 70 yuɣal d allal n umennuɣ nezmer ad d-nebder : Kateb Yassin « la guerre de 2000 ans, Saɛid Saɛdi Muḥend prend sa valise, Muḥend Uyeḥya…atg.

Deg useggas n 1976 Harun Muḥmed yettwaṭef ɣer usekraf (poseur des bombes), Racid Ɛli Yeḥya isnulfa-d akabar n « F.U.A.A »

Yebrir 1980 :

Deg 10 Meɣres 1980: Mulud At Mɛemmer yussa-d ɣer tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu akken ad yeg assarag ɣef « isefra n Leqbayel iqburen», maca iɣalen n laman ṭṭfen-t deg D.B.K. 10 Km ɣef tesdawit s wakka assarag igdel-it udabu.

Deg 11 Meɣres 1980: mi slan isdawanen n Tizi Wezzu d inelmaden n tesnawit n Ɛmiruc ffɣen-d ɣer ubrid.

Deg 12 Meɣres 1980: inelmaden sutren tamaziɣt ad tili d tutlayt taɣelnawt.

Deg 29 Meɣres 1980: iɣalen n laman ṭṭfen Arezqi Ɛibud, Muḥend At Ɛebdlah d Racid Ɛli Yeḥya.

Deg 04 yebrir 1980: Saɛid Saɛdi isawel-d ɣer tikli deg Lezzayer.

Deg 07 yebrir 1980: tella-d tikli deg Lezzayer akken ad as-fken udem aɣelnaw.

Deg 08 yebrir 1980: tasdawit n Tizi Wezzu kecmen deg yiwen n usalay alama bran-d akk i yimeḥbas.

Deg 10 yebrir 1980: inelmaden n tesdawit n Lezzayer fkan-d afus n tallelt i tesdawit n Tizi Wezzu anda sutren tilelli n umeslay d tmaziɣt.

Deg 11 yebrir 1980: iɣalen n laman ɛerḍen amek ara ɛezlen tasdawit ɣef tmetti.

Deg 16 yebrir 1980: yella-d usalay amezwaru deg tmurt n Leqbayel deg wasmi i tefra tegrawla.

Deg 18 yebrir 1980: Ferhat Mhenni yettwaṭef ɣer usekraf.

Deg 20 yebrir 1980: «Tamhelt n Mezɣenna» iserdasen kecmen ɣer iɣarimen n tesdawit anda uwten yerna ṭṭfen inelmaden, d tnelmadin, sawḍen jerḥen 443 n yinelmaden, akk daɣen i kecmen ɣer luzin n SONLEK d Sbitar.

Deg 21 yebrir 1980: llant-d tmesbaniyin gar yimezdaɣ d iɣalen n laman leɛrac id yezzin akk i Tizi Wezzu suben-d, d ayen id yewwin imerẓiyen.

Deg 17 Mayu 1980: yeffeɣ-d yiwen n wulɣu 24-nni yettwaṭfen akken ad carɛen deg teɣdemt n Lemdiya semman-asen « organisation clandestine ».

Deg 19 Mayu 1980: Asalay amatu deg Tizi Wezzu.

Deg 24 Mayu 1980: inelmaden kecmen deg usalay amatu akken ad fken afus n tallelt i yimeḥbas.

Deg 25 yulyu 1980: serḥen-d i yimeḥbas-nni.

Deg 01 ar 31 ɣuct « timlilit n yiɛekkuren » d tikelt tamezwarut id-yella usqerdec s wudem n tugdut deg Lezzayer ɣef yidles d tumast d tlelli umeslay.

Tidyanin n Bgayet n 1981: anda isnawanen sutren tasdawit deg bgayet

Le boycotte scolaire (agezzum ɣef leqraya) 1994/1995 : deg 29 ɣuct MCB isawel-d ɣer ugezzum ɣef uɣerbaz ddaw n yisem « tamaziɣt di Lakul » d ayen id-yeglan waṭas n unḥerrak asertan d tikliwin deg tmurt n Leqbayel d Lezzeyer d almi d asmi i yeqbel adabu ad tekcem tmaziɣt ɣer uɣerbaz deg 22 Yebrir 1995.

Tafsut taberkant deg udeggas n 2001 (tasuta tis ukuẓ):

Tidyanin 2001 ruḥen deg-s 126 d ameɣaras, tidyanin-a bdant-d deg wass n larebɛa 18 yebrir 2001 anda iɣalen n laman wwin yiwen n unelmad n tesnawit n Ɛimec Ɛmer « Garmaḥ Massinissa » ɣer la brigade n Bni Dwala uwten-t syin akkin nɣan-t.

Deg 21 Yebrir : iɣalen n laman rnan wwin yiwen n unelmad deg Wad Amiẓur sdat n uselmad-is.

Aya dayen i yesrekben lɣiḍ i yimdanen ttnekkaren-d si mkul tama, kkren-d mgal leḥqara. Ur ɛeṭlen ara suddsen iman-nsen slulen-d amusu n Leɛrac.

Deg 31 ɣuct 2001 : gan tiɣerɣert n Leqser anda isuturen aṭas n tɣawsiwin gar-asent Tmaziɣt d tutlayt taɣelnawt tunsibt.

Maca mi d-isawel udabu ɣer lemcawrat yella-d iɣsi gar leɛrac llan wid i iqeblen lemcawrat llan wid yugin, yal tama s tmuɣli-s

Deg 08 yebrir 2002 : adabu yukez s Tmaziɣt d tutlayt taɣelnawt.

Deg 6 yennayer 2004 : yella-d umtafaq gar udabu d leɛrac ɣef smus n temsal, yeqqim-d umgared gar-asen temsalt n tmaziɣt.

15 yulyu 2005 : leɛrac d udabu uɣalen ɣer lemcawrat maca ur sawḍen ara ɣer lufaq.

Deg was n 5 Yennayer 2016 tamaziɣt d tutlayt taɣelnawt d tunsibt ar yidis n taɛrabt.

Taggrayt :

Amennuɣ ɣef tmaziɣt ila iẓuran-is deg umezruy, ur yelli ara n yibbas, ɣas akken yedda aṭas maca ur isaweḍ ara mazal amennuɣ yettkemmil.

Aɣbalu:

Ali Guenoune : Chronologie du mouvement berbère

Amar Ouardane : laquestion bèrbère de 1926 à 1980.

Mahfoud Keddache : Algérie des Algérienne.

Mammeri Mouloud : Chronologie du mouvement 1980.

Article Rachid Ali Yehia : la crise berbère

La revue Iẓuran 2003.

Nassime Amrouche : la tribu a la conquête de la ville.

Témoignage de Rachid Ali Yaḥia

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Sɣur DELLAA OMAR ( DELLAƐ Ɛumer)